Preventive Measures for Colorectal Cancer in Hong Kong 2025

Regular screening is the most effective way to detect colorectal cancer early. In Hong Kong, the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme encourages individuals aged 50 to 75 to undergo fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) every two years. If the test shows abnormal results, a follow-up colonoscopy is recommended. Early detection through screening can reduce mortality rates by up to 30%.

Diet plays a key role in prevention. A diet high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, lowers the risk of colorectal cancer. Reducing the intake of red and processed meats, which are linked to higher cancer risk, is also important. Studies show that consuming more than 100 grams of red meat daily increases the risk by 17%.

Maintaining a healthy weight and staying physically active are essential. Obesity increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 30%, while regular exercise can lower it by 20%. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

Avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption are critical. Smoking increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 20%, and heavy alcohol use raises it by 50%. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends no more than one drink per day for women and two for men.

Vaccinations, such as the hepatitis B vaccine, can indirectly reduce colorectal cancer risk by preventing liver-related complications. Genetic testing and counseling are available for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer. Those with Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have a higher risk and may need more frequent screenings.

Public health initiatives in Hong Kong, like the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, have increased awareness and participation. Community programs and education campaigns highlight the importance of early detection and lifestyle changes.

Healthcare providers play a vital role in promoting preventive measures. They educate patients about risk factors, recommend screenings, and monitor high-risk individuals. Regular follow-ups ensure early intervention if abnormalities are detected.

Innovative screening methods, such as liquid biopsies and AI-powered colonoscopy analysis, are improving early detection. These technologies are becoming more accessible in Hong Kong, enhancing the effectiveness of preventive measures.

Collaboration between healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers is essential. Public health policies, like subsidies for screenings and restrictions on tobacco and alcohol, support prevention efforts. Ongoing research focuses on identifying new risk factors and developing advanced screening tools.

Addressing disparities in access to preventive measures is crucial. Ensuring equity in healthcare, especially for low-income and elderly populations, can reduce colorectal cancer incidence. Community engagement and continuous evaluation of preventive programs ensure their effectiveness.

By adopting these preventive measures, individuals in Hong Kong can significantly reduce their risk of colorectal cancer. Early detection, lifestyle changes, and public health initiatives are key to lowering the burden of this disease.